LIBS — Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy imaging L1-141
Unclaimed Principle — open for contribution
This Principle is declared in the catalog but has no reference solver, no pinned dataset, and is not registered on-chain. There is no reward pool. Submitting a cert against this Principle today will record the cert for reproducibility but pay zero PWM.
To claim it as a Bounty #7 contribution: open a PR adding (1) a reference solver, (2) ≥1 dataset pinned to IPFS, (3) updates to the L3 manifest with dataset CIDs. After verifier-agent triple-review, the founders' 3-of-5 multisig signs PWMRegistry.register() and the Principle becomes mineable.
Forward model E
A pulsed laser (typically Nd:YAG, 1064 or 266 nm, ns pulse) is focused onto a sample, ablating a ~micrograms of material and creating a plasma at T~10000 K. As the plasma cools (1-100 us gate), excited atoms emit characteristic lines; a spectrograph + gated ICCD records I(lambda, r) across a raster map; calibration relates peak intensity to element concentration.
L-DAG
Well-posedness W
- Existence:
- true
- Uniqueness:
- calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) under LTE assumption; univariate regression for major elements
- Stability:
- conditional
- κ:
- 500
Plasma physics non-linear but under LTE the Saha-Boltzmann equation yields explicit calibration; self-absorption violates linearity; matrix-effect mismatch dominant uncertainty.
Solvability C
- Solver class:
- Univariate linear regression, PLS, MCR-ALS, CF-LIBS, random-forest / SVM classification, learned (CNN-LIBS, LIBSNet)
- Convergence rate q:
- 2
- Complexity:
- Linear reg O(H*W*K*N_lambda); PLS O(iter*K*H*W*N_lambda); CF-LIBS O(H*W*K^2)