Flash LiDAR (single-shot 2D SPAD-array direct ToF) L1-099
Unclaimed Principle — open for contribution
This Principle is declared in the catalog but has no reference solver, no pinned dataset, and is not registered on-chain. There is no reward pool. Submitting a cert against this Principle today will record the cert for reproducibility but pay zero PWM.
To claim it as a Bounty #7 contribution: open a PR adding (1) a reference solver, (2) ≥1 dataset pinned to IPFS, (3) updates to the L3 manifest with dataset CIDs. After verifier-agent triple-review, the founders' 3-of-5 multisig signs PWMRegistry.register() and the Principle becomes mineable.
Forward model E
A single high-energy laser pulse illuminates the full scene; a 2D focal-plane array of SPADs (single-photon avalanche diodes) timestamps per-pixel photon arrivals. The per-pixel histogram h_{ij}(t) peaks at the round-trip time; depth d_{ij} = c * argmax_t h_{ij}(t) / 2. Single-shot capture avoids scanning artifacts but requires large illumination energy and ambient-rejection.
L-DAG
Well-posedness W
- Existence:
- true
- Uniqueness:
- true
- Stability:
- conditional
- κ:
- 800
Well-posed in high-SNR regime (photon_count_per_pixel >= 5). Under high ambient (sun-lit daytime), photon-efficient reconstruction (Kirmani, Shin) is required. Walk error (signal-ambient interference) shifts bin peaks; crosstalk between neighbouring SPAD pixels reduces effective resolution.
Solvability C
- Solver class:
- argmax bin detection, matched-filter + constant-fraction, Bayesian photon-efficient (Shin-Kirmani), deep (DeepFlashLidar, Photon-efficient-net)
- Convergence rate q:
- 2
- Complexity:
- O(H * W * N_t) for histogram argmax; O(H * W * N_iter) for photon-efficient Bayesian